A feature selection framework for anxiety disorder analysis using a novel multiview harris hawk optimization algorithm

Abstract

Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its ability to exploit important relationships within data collection, which can be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of outcomes in a variety of clinical contexts. Anxiety mental disorder analysis is one of the pending difficulties that ML can help with. A thorough study is demanded to gain a better understanding of this illness. Since the anxiety data is generally multidimensional, which complicates processing and as a result of technology improvements, medical data from several perspectives, known as multiview data (MVD), is being collected. Each view has its own data type and feature values, so there is a lot of diversity. This work introduces a novel preprocessing feature selection (FS) approach, multiview harris hawk optimization (MHHO), which has the potential to reduce the dimensionality of anxiety data, hence reducing analytical effort. The uniqueness of MHHO originates from combining a multiview linking methodology with the power of the harris hawk optimization (HHO) method. The HHO is used to identify the lowest optimal MVD feature subset, while multiview linking is utilized to find a promising fitness function to direct the HHO FS while accounting for all data views’ heterogeneity. The complexity of MHHO is O(THL2), where T is the number of iterations, H is the number of involved harris hawks, and L is the number of objects. Using two publicly available anxiety MVDs, MHHO is validated against ten recent rivals in its category. The experimental findings show that MHHO has a considerable advantage in terms of convergence speed (converging in less than ten iterations), subset size (removing 75% of the views; reducing feature size by 66%), and classification accuracy (approaching 100%). Furthermore, statistical analyses reveal that MHHO is statistically different from its competitors, bolstering its applicability. Finally, feature importance is evaluated, shedding light on the most anxiety-inducing characteristics. The likelihood of developing additional disorders (such as depression or stress) is also investigated.