Abstract
Background: To minimize fracture risk, multimodal training regimens are recommended. However, their effectiveness in community settings remains uncertain. This study evaluated the feasibility of 19-weeks of multimodal training in a local community center with emphasis on musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women. Methods: In a controlled trial, 28 postmenopausal women (53-68-years-old) were assigned to a multimodal training group (MMT, n=15) or a control group (CON, n=13). The training consisted of high- and odd-impact, resistance and balance-coordination training 1-2 hours weekly. The outcomes were attendance rate, regional and total bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone turnover markers (BTM), body composition, functional muscle strength and power, and dynamic balance. All were determined at baseline and after 19 weeks of training. BTM was assessed after three weeks. Results: Overall, 22(79%) participants (MMT, n=9; CON, n=13) completed the study, and the mean attendance rate for MMT was 65.5% of the maximum sessions (2) offered. Only right trochanter BMD increased (p<0.05) by 1.0±1.1% in MMT, which was higher(p<0.05) than CON. While whole-body BMC was not changed at 19 weeks from baseline in MMT, it decreased (p<0.05) in CON resulting in a significant difference (p<0.05) in whole-body BMC delta values between the two groups. Compared to baseline, body fat percentage(%BF), fat mass(FM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-mass and -volume were decreased (p<0.01) in MMT, and were larger (p<0.05) than CON. No significant changes were observed in BTM, muscle strength and power, and dynamic balance after 19 weeks. Conclusions: Nineteen weeks of multimodal training 1-2 hours per week in a local community had a health-enhancing effect on %BF, FM, and VAT, whereas the musculoskeletal health impact was modest. We hypothesize that the reason might be too low training volume and frequency and supposedly too low musculoskeletal training intensity for some participants. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05164679 (21/12/2021).
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a growing public health concern
The present study aimed at evaluating the feasibility and whether 19wk of multimodal training offered as musculoskeletal health promotion in a local community had an effect on musculoskeletal health, body composition, dynamic balance, and functional muscle strength in postmenopausal women
%BF, FM, visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-mass, and VAT-volume were significantly reduced in MMT compared to control group (CON), showing that the body composition change was due to the training program
Summary
Osteoporosis is a growing public health concern. The disease is characterized by impaired bone strength due to the reduction of bone mass and impairment of the micro-architecture of the bone, which increase the risk of bone fracture.[1]. Balance and coordination training can minimize the risk of falls and fractures, which is relevant to the high-risk population.[4] Studies have shown that high-impact exercises, which produce high vertical ground reaction forces with a high force development rate,[6] are beneficial for bone structure and mineralization in children,[7] adults,[8] and the elderly.[9] In a previous study of the acute osteogenic response to high-impact jumping in postmenopausal women,[10] stimulation of bone formation without any increase in bone resorption after jumping was reported. Their effectiveness in community settings remains uncertain. This study evaluated the feasibility of 19weeks of multimodal training in a local community center with emphasis on musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women. Body fat percentage(%BF), fat mass(FM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-mass article can be found at the end of the article
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