Abstract
Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) appears to be a very good solution to solve the problem energy deficit encountered in developing countries such as Cameroon. This article presents an optimal design and selection made on four grid‐connected hybrid renewable energy systems or configurations with criteria loss of power supply probability (LPSP), cost of energy (COE), net present cost (NPC), total emission (TE), and the grid contribution factor (GCF) using Sine–Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and a proposed hybrid Sine–Cosine Algorithm–Particle Swarm Optimization (SCAPSO); for three residential building types in four climatic zones of Cameroon. The five cities that are chosen from the four climatic zones of the country include Maroua, Garoua, Bamenda, Kribi, and Abong‐Mbang. The selection of the energy configurations is done using hybrid Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making known as Analytic Hierarchy Process‐Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution methods (AHP‐EDAS). Configuration 1 (photovoltaic/wind/battery/diesel generator/grid) appears to be the best configuration in the cities of Maroua, Garoua, Bamenda, and Kribi. Configuration 4 (photovoltaic/battery/grid) is the best for the city of Abong‐Mbang. All the best configurations appear to have lesser values of COE compared with what is usually paid to the main grid; the GCF values are also very low.
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