Abstract
The hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain and the polar sulfate group confer surfactant properties and enable them to beused as anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants (AS) are known for their adverse impact on environment, particularly on aquaticecosystem. In the present study a fast, sensitive and selective method for the determination and subsequent quantification of sixanionic surfactants was developed using hydrophilic interactive liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to a electrospray ionization(ESI) mass spectrometer (MS), in the concentration range 15-20 μg/L. The capability of the method was establishedusing regression analysis and ANOVA. The method performance was evaluated by analyzing real time surface water spiked with1-dodecyl hydrogen sulfate at 15 μg/L. Combined efficiency of solid phase extraction and MS detection established recovery of89% in presence of natural matrix. These results point out that HILIC coupled to multistage MS procedures can be a powerfultechnique for environmental applications concerning the screening of polar contaminants.
Highlights
One of the key environmental problems of 21st century is the increased worldwide contamination of fresh water ecosystems with numerous natural and industrial chemicals
Studies related to the interfacial properties have been reported in literature which justify the hypothesis that toxicity of surfactants is determined by adsorption on biological membrane and cell membrane penetration.[4]
The hydrophilic interactive liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometer (MS) method developed for the determination and quantification of six homologous Anionic surfactants (AS) found to show acceptable recoveries and reproducibility over a range of concentrations
Summary
One of the key environmental problems of 21st century is the increased worldwide contamination of fresh water ecosystems with numerous natural and industrial chemicals. Konnecker et al reviewed a large number aquatic toxicity studies performed on different classes of anionic surfactants including alkyl sulfates.[2,3] Studies related to the interfacial properties have been reported in literature which justify the hypothesis that toxicity of surfactants is determined by adsorption on biological membrane and cell membrane penetration.[4] Due to their widespread use and toxicity, several analytical techniques have been reported in the literature for the effective screening of AS in water bodies.[5,6]. The recoveries were determined by spiking surface water with mixed standard solution of the six AS adjusted to their respective QL value which followed the procedure of solid phase extraction and enrichment as described in the section on chromatography and mass spectrometry. Precision The precision and repeatability of the method was evaluated by analyzing the AS solution six times at QL level to determine the percentage of relative standard deviation (%RSD) of the area under the peak at repeated analysis
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