A Fast and Accurate Double-Precision Floating Point Format Paralleled Transient Emulator of AC/DC Grids on Heterogeneous CPU-FPGAs

Abstract

The rapid development of power electronic devices and the complexity of large-scale power systems call for high fidelity real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT) emulators, which can achieve high precision, high accuracy, and real-time realization simultaneously. Compared with traditional emulators, the emulator that adopted high precision and accuracy brings huge amount of extra hardware resource consumption. Therefore, hardly any traditional field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based real-time emulators can achieve the real-time simulation of large-scale systems with restricted hardware resources. To resolve these issues, this article proposed a novel heterogeneous CPU-FPGA hybrid multirate EMT real-time emulator which supports double-precision floating-point format. Several efforts are made to enhance the simulation scale and accuracy of the emulator: 1) a multiple floating-point sets reduction module is proposed on hardware design to achieve small and real-time simulation step such as 2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> s; and 2) time division multiplexing strategy is conducted throughout the calculation to improve the supported simulation scale by 31%. Simulation results have validated that the one Xilinx VC709 FPGA board can achieve a small time-step of 2- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> s real-time realization and the supported scale can be expanded to more than 600 node buses.