Abstract
The hydrodynamic interaction induced by the complex flow around a ship maneuvering in restricted waters has a significant influence on navigation safety. In particular, when a ship moves in the vicinity of a bank, the hydrodynamic interaction forces caused by the bank effect can significantly affect the ship’s maneuverability. An efficient algorithm integrated in onboard systems or simulators for capturing the bank effect with fair accuracy would benefit navigation safety. In this study, an algorithm based on the potential-flow theory is presented for efficient calculation of ship-bank hydrodynamic interaction forces. Under the low Froude number assumption, the free surface boundary condition is approximated using the double-body model. A layer of sources is dynamically distributed on part of the seabed and bank in the vicinity of the ship to model the boundary conditions. The sinkage and trim are iteratively solved via hydrostatic balance, and the importance of including sinkage and trim is investigated. To validate the numerical method, a series of simulations with various configurations are carried out, and the results are compared with experiment and numerical results obtained with RANSE-based and Rankine source methods. The comparison and analysis show the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper satisfactory except for extreme shallow water cases.
Highlights
Maneuvering of large vessels near a bank is a hot topic [1,2,3] and a difficult problem in ship control due to the complex flow around the ship
The squat phenomenon due to the reduced pressure over the ship bottom surface increases the risk of grounding, and affects the hydrodynamic performance
Under the assumption that all interaction effects are caused by inertial hydrodynamic loads, the flow can be completely described with the total velocity potential Φ satisfying the Laplace equation in all fluid domain:
Summary
Maneuvering of large vessels near a bank is a hot topic [1,2,3] and a difficult problem in ship control due to the complex flow around the ship. Methods based on model tests are widely used for estimating the forces caused by the ship-bank interaction, they have limitations [13]: only a limited number of ship types can be used in the experiments; the scaled models’ tests always have restrictions on the boundary profile and on the motions of the ship model These limitations may seriously impair applicability of the resulting models to, say, automated ship berthing systems. Xu et al [7] applied a NURBS-based high-order panel method to study the bank effects on the hydrodynamic interaction between two Wigley ships encountering and overtaking in a channel. A numerical method based on the Rankine source distribution and accounting for the free-surface effects was used by Yuan [18] to study the ship-bank and ship-lock interaction in restricted waterways.
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