Abstract
This chapter considers a 3D finite element analysis for predicting surface settlements. Results of such a 3D analysis are shown for the computation of surface settlements from a full excavation of a circular new Austrian tunnel method (NATM). A new method is presented, in which similar results are obtained from a much more simple 3D analysis. It has been shown that a full 3D analysis of tunnel excavation is carried out to predict the settlement trough. Therefore, an extremely large number of excavation steps are needed. Because of this requirement, computer runtime gets excessive, and it is obvious that such a full 3D analysis is not feasible for engineering practice. It has been shown that the settlement trough that responds to a full 3D analysis is obtained from a simple 3D analysis that requires little computational effort. This method is applicable for constitutive laws with both liner elastic and constant plastic soil behavior.
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