Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an agricultural commodity that produces waste, including stems, during its cultivation. Sorghum stems can be used as an alternative precursor for forming activated carbon (AC) with a high surface area by utilizing ZnCl2 as an activator and followed by a pyrolysis process at 750 °C under N2 gas. In this study, AC from sorghum stems was sequentially used as an adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater, as well as applied as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. From the characterization analysis, the synthesized AC has an amorphous structure, a high carbon content of > 90%, and a surface area of 1189 m2/g. AC was applied to adsorb 10, 50, and 100 ppm of metal cobalt (Co) at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of metal Co showed an adsorption capacity of around 28.2 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm model also describes Co adsorption and follows the pseudo-first-order equation. As for the Li-ion anode material, the ACs material is fabricated on a cylindrical battery with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as the counter cathode material. The specific discharge capacity results are 104 mAh/g at the voltage window of 2.7-4.3 V. The sequential utilization of sorghum stem-derived activated carbon can improve the product’s sustainability, and such an approach is promising to be applied in other biomass-based waste treatments.Keywords: Activated carbon, adsorption, battery, biomass, sorghum
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