A facile synthesis of quinoxalines by using SO4 2−/ZrO2-TiO2 as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst

Abstract

Quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized in good to excellent yields by the cyclocondensation reaction of o-pheneylenediamine with substituted phenacyl bromides/benzil in the presence of SO4 2−/ZrO2-TiO2 as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst can be recovered up to five catalytic cycles without significant loss in catalytic activity. The reported SO4 2−/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst has been thoroughly characterized by using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Here, we have used ethanol as a green solvent in this cyclocondensation. This new method has several advantages, such as excellent yields, short reaction time, nontoxic, and easily recoverable catalyst.