A facile superlithiophilic 3D host with a transition metal oxide heterostructure for ultrastable zero-volume-expansion lithium metal anodes

Abstract

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are widely recognized as the candidate for next-generation energy devices due to their unprecedented capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nonetheless, their practical implementation has been hindered by the dendrite formation and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this study, we introduce a novel approach involving the in-situ growth of a ZnO–CuO heterostructure within a crack shield construction on a three-dimensional (3D) copper foam host. Computational COMSOL simulations reveal remarkable improvements in homogenizing lithium ion flux subsequent to decoration. Through galvanostatic measurements, the Li@ZnO-CuO-CF electrode exhibits an exceptionally low 0.2 V hysteresis, no volume expansion and uniform lithium deposition in symmetry cells under a 50 mA cm−2 current density. Furthermore, the electrode retains 95.4 % initial capacity after 600 cycles at 0.5C and 85.5 % initial capacity after 220 cycles at 1 C when coupled with a LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathode. This work sheds light on the facile fabrication of practical Li metal anodes for high-energy-density LMBs.