Abstract
In this work, we reported a photocatalytic biosensor for visual detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) based on Pt-doped graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Upon illumination by a violet light-emitting diode (LED), Pt-doped g-C3N4 absorbed the light energy and catalytically produced O2− which further oxidized the dyes into a colorless end product. In the presence of SOD, it can specifically catalyze O2− into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, leading to a reduced photooxidation and a visual color display. After screening a series of dyes, the azo dye amaranth (AM) was proven to be the best indicator for O2− since the azo bond is active and easily oxidized by O2−, resulting in a low background. Such a simple photocatalytic sensor allows visual detection of SOD at a nM level without the need of any sophisticated instrument; using spectrometry, the linear response for SOD detection ranges from 1.5 to 4500 nM with a limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) down to 0.3 nM. The sensor was also successfully applied for label-free and wash-free detection of SOD in human serum samples with a satisfactory recovery.
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