Abstract
In this paper, we report in-situ preparation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–copper oxide (CuO) nanocomposite by sol–gel method and the preparation of highly stable PVA–CuO hybrid nanofluid. This novel method combines the advantages of both the single step and two step methods of preparation of nanofluid. The prepared nanofluid is found to be stable up to 12 months under static conditions. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO and the interaction between PVA and CuO nanoparticles. The nanofluid was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and it revealed the formation of ribbon shaped CuO embedded in PVA. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) image shows that the nanoribbons are actually made up of about 4 nm sized CuO crystallites. Stability of the nanofluids for various concentrations of the PVA was investigated by Zeta Potential measurements, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photo capturing methods. It shows that 0.5 wt% PVA–CuO hybrid nanofluid results in highest stability. Particle size analysis using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showed that 0.125 wt% of PVA resulted in large agglomerates due to insufficient capping. Thermal conductivity of the nanofluid was also measured using hot wire method and it showed enhancement over the base fluid.
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