Abstract
AbstractThe largest disadvantage of modern day minimally invasive surgery is the required use of X‐ray or fluoroscopic imaging for locating or tracking medical catheters and tubes. The implications are increased costs and effort, limited availability for instance in less developed countries, and the cumulative exposure to contrast dyes and ionizing radiation are detrimental to health, especially in young patients and neonates with increased sensitivity. In order to reduce the use of X‐ray imaging and provide a wider accessibility, a facile magnetic system is proposed for subcutaneous medical device localization. It consists of a lightweight and flexible, biocompatible, and permanent magnet at the tip of the subcutaneous device and a sensing device to scan the dermal surface and locate the magnetic tip. The mechanical and magnetic properties of the magnetic tip are tailored to fit the requirements of the delicate catheter application. Evaluation of the tracking system using a 5 Fr magnetic tip resulted in a depth‐dependent position and orientation error of 0.75 mm and 3.7°. Additionally, a maximum placement depth error of 0.96 mm is achieved. Evaluation of the system in vivo revealed its practicality and accuracy as well as the influence of potential user errors.
Highlights
IntroductionThe implications are increased costs and effort, limited availability for instance in less developed countries, and the cumulative exposure to contrast dyes and ionizing radiation are detrimental to health, especially in young and contrast agents
The cytotoxicity of different magnetic tips was assessed using a live/dead fluorescence staining method that uses calcein for live cells and ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) for dead cells
Various methods have been proposed to reduce the cumulative exposure on neonates during the neonatal period, of which exposure from radiographs after umbilical catheterization is a large contributor
Summary
The implications are increased costs and effort, limited availability for instance in less developed countries, and the cumulative exposure to contrast dyes and ionizing radiation are detrimental to health, especially in young and contrast agents. They are harmful to use during the neonatal period, such as umbilical catheterization, which is typically required for preterm infants. X-ray imaging and provide a wider accessibility, a facile magnetic system is proambulances, where, for example, the placeposed for subcutaneous medical device localization. Evaluation of the system in vivo revealed its practicality and accuracy as well as the influence of potential user errors
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