Abstract
A series of nitrogen/Ti3+ co-doped titanium dioxides (N–TiO2−x) were successfully synthesized through a calcination–vacuum activation method by using low-cost ammonium hydroxide as the nitrogen source. Interestingly, the nitrogen could be further doped into TiO2 lattice via the substitution of oxygen vacancies after the vacuum activation treatment. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited high visible light activity by improved substitution of nitrogen concentration with no affecting the UV-light photocatalytic activities. The samples were characterized by the XRD, UV–vis DRS, ESR, XPS and TEM analyzes. When the temperature of vacuum activation was 300°C, N–TiO2−x catalyst showed the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under the visible light irradiation. The increase in the visible-light photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect between Ti3+ and nitrogen doping, which contributed to the increase of absorption in the visible light region. It can be claimed that N–TiO2−x (300°C-3h) contained the highest concentration of Ti3+.
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