A facile approach to cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotube gels—Structure, formation process and adsorption to methylene blue

Abstract

In view of the deficiencies in the preparation of cellulose gels, such as, cumbersome process, harsh conditions, high consumption of chemicals, secondary pollution caused by side reactions, this work reports a facile approach to make cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) hydrogels and aerogels via mixing cellulose with N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and MWCNTs in NaOH/urea/H2O aqueous solution. The gels were revealed to be formed by an addition reaction between the double bonds of MBA and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and the intermolecular interactions between cellulose and MWCNTs. The preparation process can be realized at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without the intervention of ultrasonic dispersion, catalyst and initiator. The gelation time, puncture strength and water retention ability of the hydrogels were investigated. Results showed that, compared with pure cellulose hydrogel, cellulose/MWNCTs hydrogels have obviously shorter sol-gel transition time (124–129.2 min), higher puncture strength (29.6022–34.2854 KPa) and water retention ability (274.2619–301.7291 g/g). Cellulose/MWCNTs aerogels possessed three dimensional network with macroporous structure (about 500 μm), low density (0.00546–0.00557 g/cm3), high porosity (99.6360–99.6426 %), good thermal stability (242 °C) and certain absorbency to methylene blue (233.2901–242.1122 mg/g).