Abstract

The covalent binding of GO nanosheets to a PA RO membrane was successfully achieved by reacting the primary amine functional groups of aminated GO (AGO) nanosheets with the unreacted acid chloride groups of the nascent PA membrane.

Highlights

  • The reverse osmosis (RO) process is a widely applied technology for producing freshwater from brackish water, seawater, and wastewater.[1]

  • A representative natural organic matter in brackish water, was used to evaluate the antifouling performance of both control PA membrane and PA membrane functionalized with Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. 2000 ppm NaCl solution was rst used to measure the initial water ux at 1.55 MPa

  • The successful gra ing of aminated GO (AGO) nanosheets on the membrane surface was demonstrated by FESEM, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

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Summary

Introduction

The reverse osmosis (RO) process is a widely applied technology for producing freshwater from brackish water, seawater, and wastewater.[1]. There are two strategies to fabricate GO modi ed PA RO membranes. Another strategy used is surface modi cation by coating or gra ing. Choi et al modi ed the PA RO membrane by layer-by-layer assembly of GO nanosheets.[12] The antifouling performance and chlorine stability were enhanced owing to GO coating layers. Paper con rmed surface coating or gra ing could improve the antifouling performance and enhance the salt rejection. A facile approach to fabricate PA membranes functionalized with GO nanosheets is presented. The antifouling performance of PA membrane functionalized with GO nanosheets was assessed by using tannic acid as the model pollutant, which is a representative natural organic matter in brackish water. The desalination stability of the PA membranes functionalized with GO nanosheets was determined by a 100 hour test under brackish water desalination conditions

Materials
AGO nanosheets synthesis and characterization
Fabrication of PA membranes functionalized with GO nanosheets
Characterization of PA membrane functionalized with GO nanosheets
Membrane desalination test
Membrane fouling test
AGO nanosheets irreversibly bind to PA membrane
Surface properties of PA membranes functionalized with AGO nanosheets
Effects of AGO nanosheets dipping concentration on desalination performance
Antifouling performance of PA membrane functionalized with AGO nanosheets
Durability of PA membrane functionalized with AGO nanosheets
Conclusions

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