Abstract
Biofuels are a type of renewable energy that can become more vital in our lives. There are several advantages to switching to alternative biofuels and green techniques for producing these biofuels from biomass feedstock. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a potential precursor for biofuel and is synthesized from biomass sources. DMSO is specifically known as the most effective solvent for the conversion of biomass into HMF, leading to high yields. Due to the high miscibility of DMSO with various organic solvents, isolating HMF from the reaction mixture continues to be complicated. The use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) in the biomass conversion process is attracting much attention. We have developed the synthesis of HMF from glucose, fructose, and cellulose using metal chloride in a [DMSO][CholineCl] deep eutectic solvent, which was easily obtained by combining DMSO and choline chloride. The yields of HMF under optimal conditions from glucose, fructose, and cellulose were 40%, 93%, and 15%, respectively. The HMF product can be isolated from [DMSO][CholineCl] deep eutectic solvent mixture by the liquid-liquid extraction using organic solvents with high purity.
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