Abstract
A series of Eu/Gd-mixed metal-organic frameworks EuxGd1-xNDC (x=0.0005, 0.001, 0.003, 0.01; H2NDC=1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid) utilizing back energy transfer have been developed for physiological temperature sensing. The suitable high triplet level of H2NDC allows an efficient back energy transfer from Eu3+ ions to ligands. The back energy transfer efficiency is further enhanced by the Eu3+/Gd3+-mixed strategy. As a consequence, the emission of Eu3+ dramatically weakens when temperature arises. The resultant Eu0.0005Gd0.9995NDC exhibits exceptional stability and good biocompatibility, and can detect physiological temperature in single-emission, dual-emission, and colorimetric models with ultra-high sensitivity.
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