Abstract
The enrichment factors of Cd and Pb were determined in Gembong estuary as the biggest estuary in and polluted in Indonesia. Heavy metals over a period of time sooner or later will cause damage to aquatic ecosystems. Cd (cadmium) and Pb (lead) are non-essential metals. Various human activities both industrial and domestic around Gembong estuary waters have the potential to degrade the quality of the water. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and enrichment factors of Cd and Pb in sediment. The study was conducted in October 2019 at the high tide and low tide. The method used was quantitative. Heavy metal analysis using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS AA-7000). The result showed that the concentrations of heavy metals contained in the sediment at the high tide were Cd (0.345-1.261 µg/g) and Pb (13.200-47.600 µg/g) and at low tide were Cd (0.017-1.261 µg/g) Pb (15.600-45.240 µg/g). Based on IADC/CEDA quality standard criteria (1997). The standard quality criteria for Cd (0.8 µg/g) means that the concentration of Cd at high tide and low tide have exceeded the quality standard. Meanwhile, for Pb (85 µg/g), the concentration of Pb at high tide and low tide was still below the target level of quality standards. The enrichment factor values for Cd at the high tide and low tide fall into the moderate-very high enrichment category. The enrichment factor values for Pb at the high and low tide was in the moderate-high enrichment category
Highlights
The presence of heavy metals cadmium and lead in aquatic environments constitutes a major risk and concern with fear, it needs for continuous monitoring (Usese et al, 2017)
At low tide concentration rage 0.017 μg/g to 1.261 μg/g with average 0.466 μg/g and the lowest concentration occurred in station 7 and the highest concentration occurred in station 2
The highest Cd concentration occurred in station 2 both in the high tide and low tide, it may due to the location of station 2 in the mouth of the river, where there is confluence between water from the sea and river occurred in this station, deposition of Cd occurs together with suspended solid
Summary
The presence of heavy metals cadmium and lead in aquatic environments constitutes a major risk and concern with fear, it needs for continuous monitoring (Usese et al, 2017). Gembong estuary is mouth of Citarum river that upper course from Wayang mountain. This estuarine is very dinamic because it is a confluence area between the Citarum river and the sea from the coast of Jakarta Bay (Aliyanta et al, 2018). Citarum river flows passing some regencies and the ending in Gembong estuary of Bekasi regency. This estuary considered as polluted area, because the water quality in this estuary is grossly polutted. Along the river there are many industrial buildings that use the river as a shipping channel and waste disposal without sufficient prior handling or pay less attention to environmental quality (Birry and Muetia, 2012). Based on a study conducted by the Regional Environmental Management Agency of West Java Province in 2007, there are 359 companies divided into 11 different industrial
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