Abstract
Several challenges are being faced by business environment reform toward enabling a level playing field for all participants regardless of ownership structure. This is critical to comprehensive economic integration and innovation-driven development. As a result, non-discrimination or competitive neutrality principle (CNP) plays a pivotal role in markets with the participation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private enterprises. The functioning of CNP has been studied and reported by national authorities and global institutions. Nevertheless, little has been known for the case of transitional economies. Thus, this chapter reviews recent literature on the CNP and analyzes its impacts on economic institutional changes regarding SOEs in Vietnam. Furthermore, it contributes a CNP-based dynamic canvas framework regarding policy establishment and review process, which allows cross-country analysis of legal environments. Most noticeably, findings reveal that misperception of local authorities and business community about the role of SOEs in the market is the major obstacle to CNP application. This is exacerbated by the incomplete awareness of CNP of subnational agencies. In addition, enforcement capacity positively influences the effectiveness of CNP implementation. Vietnam has just been at the primary stage of economic transition since 1986; thus, CNP application is nascent and needs to be consolidated.
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