Abstract
Movements of the lower lip in the anterior-posterior and inferior-superior dimensions were recorded along with EMG activity from the orbicularis oris inferior (OOI), depressor labii inferior (DLI), and mentalis (M). Observations of activity in these muscles in relation to simultaneous displacement, velocity, and acceleration of lower lip movement suggest that (1) DLI and OOI act primarily to apply forces in the inferior and superior dimensions, respectively; (2) mentalis is a primary force for protrusion of the lower lip; and (3) the lower lip can be characterized, in a preliminary way, as a simple second-order mechanical system. The implications of the technique and the specific findings will be discussed in relation to development of an analog computer model of the labial-mandibular mechanical system. [Research was supported in part by grant from NIDR.]
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