Abstract
To supporting a wider and diverse range of applications, device-to-device (D2D) communication is a key enabler in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNets). It plays an important role in fulfilling the performance and quality of service (QoS) requirements for 5G networks and beyond. D2D-enabled cellular networks enable user equipment (UE) to communicate directly, without any or with a partial association with base stations (eNBs). Interference management is one of the critical and complex issues in D2D-enabled HetCNets. Despite the wide adoption of D2D communications, there are very few researchers addressing the problems of mode selection (MS), as well as resource allocation for mutual interference in three-tier cellular networks. In this paper, we first identify and analyze three key factors, namely outage probability, signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), and cell density that influence the performance of D2D-enabled HetCNets. We then propose a dynamic algorithm based on a distance-based approach to minimize the interference and to guarantee QoS for both cellular and D2D communication links. Results obtained show that outage probability is improved by 35% and 49% in eNB and SCeNB links, respectively, when compared with traditional neighbor-based methods. The findings reported in this paper provide some insights into interference management in D2D communications that can help network researchers and engineers contribute to further developing next-generation cellular networks.
Highlights
In cellular networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication is an emerging technology in which two nearby user’s equipment communicate with each other without any base station (BS) or core network support
We identify various key factors that contribute to interference in an underlay heterogeneous cellular network where uplink (UL) resources are shared among D2D pairs and small cells
We observe that the outage probability of the D2D link was improved by up to 55% using the proposed scheme when compared with the neighbor-based scheme
Summary
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is an emerging technology in which two nearby user’s equipment communicate with each other without any base station (BS) or core network support. D2D communication enables new services such as public safety, location-based commercial proximity; content sharing of files, videos or pictures; gaming, connectivity extension, and traffic offloading [1] Owing to these benefits in 5G networks and beyond, D2D communication is a key enabler technology [1]. With enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC), different services are surely forthcoming for 5G networks and beyond [3] Managing such a high user density and the resulting immense data volumes is a major concern for cellular network operators [1]. We identify various key factors that contribute to interference in an underlay heterogeneous cellular network where uplink (UL) resources are shared among D2D pairs and small cells. Transmission power of a typical UE operating in cellular mode Transmission power of a typical UE operating in D2D mode Transmission power of a typical SUE The set of CUEs, DUEs, and SUEs Path loss exponent Required SINR for cellular and D2D links Thermal noise Channel coefficient between x and y Device-to-device Signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio User equipment Cellular user equipment Device-to-device user equipment Mode selection Poison point process Small cell user equipment Evolved node B, i.e., LTE macro-base station Small cell evolved node B, i.e., small cell Accepted interference region Quality of Service
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