Abstract
Glycation, and the resulting buildup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is recognized as a key driver of cumulative skin damage and skin aging. Dunaliella salina is a halophile microalga adapted to intense solar radiation through the production of carotenoids. We present a natural supercritical CO2 extract of Dunaliella salina rich in the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene. The extract exhibited antiglycation and anti-inflammatory activities in ex vivo testing, showing strongly reduced formation of N-ε-carboxy-methyl-lysine with exposure to methylglyoxal, reduced AGE receptor levels, and significantly reduced interleukins 6 and 8. In a placebo-controlled clinical study under intense solar exposure, the extract significantly reduced the skin’s glycation scores and its sensitivity to histamine; key skin aging parameters were also significantly improved vs. placebo, including wrinkle counts and spots. These results demonstrate the value of this Dunaliella salina extract, rich in colorless carotenoids, as an antiglycative, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging active ingredient, including in high-irradiation contexts.
Highlights
Aging may be defined as the progressive accumulation of damage to living tissue over the organism’s lifetime
The results of the ex vivo studies presented above indicate that the colorless carotenoid
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Summary
Aging may be defined as the progressive accumulation of damage to living tissue over the organism’s lifetime. Rearrangement of the Schiff base results in the formation of more stable ketoamines known as Amadori products These reversible reaction products subsequently undergo irreversible oxidation, polymerization, dehydration, and cross-linking reactions to generate AGEs [3]. RAGE activation has been shown to result in inflammatory and immune responses, increased MMP production, impaired cell proliferation, excessive melanogenesis, and altered gene expression [10,11,12,13]. All of these processes can potentially contribute to skin aging. A5n.tiA-innfltai-minmfaltaomrymeffaetcot erxyveivffoe: cretdeuxctivoinvoof:inrteedrleuucktiinosn aonfdin taenrdleinucrkeiansesd6NaRnF2d 8 and uupopnotnreattrmeaentmt weitnhtthweiDthuntahlieellaDeuxtnraacltieclolma peaxrterdawctithcoumntrpeaatreeddbawseliitnhesu. ntreated baselines
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