A dumbbell-shaped stir bar made from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated porous cryogel incorporating metal organic frameworks for the extraction of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foodstuffs

Abstract

A dumbbell-shaped stir bar adsorbent of MIL-101 entrapped in PVA cryogel coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) was fabricated to extract synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foodstuffs. The interconnected porous of cryogel allowed the entrapment of MIL-101 and enhanced the surface areas of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coating which facilitated multiple adsorptions. The fabricated adsorbent was characterized and measured the adsorption capacities for synthetic phenolic antioxidants. Extraction efficiency was optimized by evaluating the effect of adsorbent compositions, extraction time, stirring speed, sample pH, desorption conditions, sample volume and ionic strength. The analysis of extracted synthetic phenolic antioxidants was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. The developed analysis method provided a wide linear range of 0.20 - 200 µg kg−1 for butylated hydroxyanisole and 0.50 - 200 µg kg−1 for tert‑butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene. The limits of detection were between 0.05 and 0.15 µg kg−1. The developed stir bar adsorbent was utilized to extract these three synthetic phenolic antioxidants from juice, milk, infant formula and coffee creamer. Recoveries ranged from 87 to 101% with RSDs below 7%. The developed composite stir bar adsorbent was convenient to use, and good physical and chemical stability allowed efficient extraction for 12 extraction cycles.