Abstract
Concentrically shorted patch microstrip antennas have the unique feature that their fundamental mode has a monopolar-like radiation pattern (omnidirectional with E θ polarization and the maximum in the horizon) [1–2]. This is contrary to conventional patch antennas whose fundamental mode has a broadside radiation pattern. Initially the fundamental monopolar mode was achieved with circular geometries [2], but later it was demonstrated that can be excited in non-circular patches shorted in the center [3]. More recently, great efforts have been made on achieving miniaturized patch antennas with the monopolar radiation pattern. Good results have been reported by using patches composed of metamaterial cells [4–5].
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