Abstract
Maximizing regenerative energy utilization is an important way to reduce substation energy consumption in subway systems. Timetable optimization and energy storage systems are two main ways to improve improve regenerative energy utilization, but they were studied separately in the past. To further improve energy conservation while maintaining a low cost, this paper presents a strategy to improve regenerative energy utilization by an integration of them, which determines the capacity of each Wayside Energy Storage System (WESS) and correspondingly optimizes the timetable at the same time. We first propose a dual-objective optimization problem to simultaneously minimize substation energy consumption and the total cost of WESS. Then, a mathematical model is formulated with the decision variables as the configuration of WESS and timetable. Afterwards, we design an ϵ -constraint method to transform the dual-objective optimization problem into several single-objective optimization problems, and accordingly design an improved artificial bee colony algorithm to solve them sequentially. Finally, numerical examples based on the actual data from a subway system in China are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results indicate that substation energy consumption is effectively reduced by using WESS together with a correspondingly optimized timetable. Note that substation energy consumption becomes lower when the total size of WESS is larger, and timetable optimization further reduces it. A set of Pareto optimal solutions is obtained for the experimental subway line—based on which, decision makers can make a sensible trade-off between energy conservation and WESS investment accordingly to their preferences.
Highlights
Energy conservation in subway systems has attracted great attention in recent years
To solve the proposed dual-objective optimization problem, an e-constraint method is first designed to transform it into several single-objective optimization problems
We propose an integration of timetable optimization and Wayside Energy Storage System (WESS) to improve regenerative energy utilization, to reduce substation energy consumption in a subway system
Summary
Energy conservation in subway systems has attracted great attention in recent years. As a great proportion of total energy is consumed by train traction systems [1,2,3,4], many measures have been taken to reduce traction energy consumption. The adoption of energy-efficient train operations has been a focus in the past decades [5]. It aims to find a driving strategy which consumes the least energy. As a potential energy supply, regenerative energy can be used to accelerate trains. Regenerative energy takes a great amount of the total energy
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