Abstract
Hydrazine (N2H4) is one of the commonly used chemical reagents in numerous industries and applications but its toxicity to humans poses a need to develop simple visual detection methods. Herein, we demonstrate a novel dual-mode system to detect and simultaneously consume hydrazine in vapour and solution by using a small photoresponsive molecule that has altered optical response (both colourimetric and fluorescent) after reacting with hydrazine.
Highlights
Humans can be exposed to hydrazine by inhaling its vapours or ingesting water contaminated with it, which can lead to symptoms including irritation of eyes, nose, and throat, dizziness, and nausea.[5]
The product of the reaction of 1c with hydrazine can be isolated by column chromatography using silica gel and 15% EtOAc in hexanes as the eluant and con rmed as 2o using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy (ESI†)
The most characteristic change when 1c reacts with hydrazine is the disappearance of the band corresponding to C^N stretching at y 1⁄4 2210 cmÀ1 in the FT-IR spectrum with the simultaneous appearance of a new set of bands corresponding to the amines (N–H stretching at y 1⁄4 3319–3076 cmÀ1, N–H bending at y 1⁄4 1625 cmÀ1, and C–N stretching at y1⁄4 1160 cmÀ1)
Summary
Hydrazine (N2H4) is classi ed as a frequently used industrial substrate with applications in sectors including the aerospace industry as rocket fuel propellants,[1,2] the pharmaceutical industry,[3] and chemical industries that produce textile dyes and pesticides.[4,5] Despite hydrazine's growing demand for these and other industries, it is categorized as a likely carcinogen and is toxic for the liver, kidneys and the central nervous system of humans.[5,6,7] Humans can be exposed to hydrazine by inhaling its vapours or ingesting water contaminated with it, which can lead to symptoms including irritation of eyes, nose, and throat, dizziness, and nausea.[5] Hydrazine and its derivatives are considered as genotoxic impurities that can form methyl adducts with nucleotide bases leading to DNA damage and gene mutations.[8,9] All of these severe effects have resulted in the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) suggesting a low threshold limit value ($10 ppb).[7,8] Even the residual fuel-based debris falling into the oceans a er satellite launches has led to severe environmental concerns globally because of hydrazine.[10] This fact and the steady increase in supply and demand of hydrazine makes it essential to develop simple, user-friendly, and cost-effective methods for detecting this toxic substance.[11,12]
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