Abstract
A dual mode InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) power amplifier (PA) using a parallel power-combining transformer (PCT) is presented herein. A low loss transformer is implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) to improve the passive efficiency of a PCT. Dual-mode operation is applied to reduce the current consumption at a low power level. In the low-power (LP) mode, one of the individual amplifiers is turned off to reduce the current consumption. Additionally, a third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) cancellation method using a PCT combiner is proposed to improve linearity performance. Nonlinear IMD3 components from each amplifier cancel each other out through magnetic coupling in the secondary winding of the PCT. The implemented PA achieves a saturated output power of 33.8 dBm and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 54.5% at 0.91 GHz with a 5-V power supply. An average output power of 25.2 dBm with an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −42 dBc is delivered when the PA is tested with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 64-quadrature amplitude modulated (64-QAM) signal with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 7.8 dB. When compared with the high-power (HP) mode operation, the LP mode operation could save 48% of the current consumption at an average output power of 10.4 dBm.
Highlights
With the exponential growth of modern wireless communications, current wireless systems are built with the aim of achieving high-speed data rates
In Series power-combining transformers (SCTs), multiple primary windings are connected to individual amplifiers, and the output power from each primary winding is magnetically coupled with a secondary winding in series
In Reference [9], the SCT was implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) to improve the passive loss
Summary
With the exponential growth of modern wireless communications, current wireless systems are built with the aim of achieving high-speed data rates. In Reference [9], the SCT was implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) to improve the passive loss Another popular powercombining transformer is the parallel power-combining transformer (PCT) [10,11,12,13]. PA design using a PCT is much higher than that of [14] by adding the output power from power from multiple primary windings of the transformer. An SCT-based output combiner was applied using power-combining transformers. An IMD3 cancellation technique using a using a PCT combiner is proposed wherein the nonlinear components from each. Section describes the analysis of the PCT withofathe high-Q output combiner and the dual-mode operations. 3, In Section 3, PCT with a high-Q output combiner and the dual-mode operations.
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