Abstract
This paper effectively implements the process of bandwidth enhancement and realization of circular polarization (CP) of metamaterial-based antenna by loading composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) unit cell without vias. This antenna is a symmetrical structure that comprises of square slot, two asymmetric meander lines (AML) in y-direction, an interdigital capacitance (IDC) in x-direction, inductive rhombus (IR), and coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed line in a single plane. Mender lines (ML) provides the needed shunt inductance whereas IDC in the signal line provides series capacitance for left-handed TL. The proposed metamaterial-based antenna structure essentially produces three resonating bands. The simulated first band has a frequency range of 14.5 GHz to 15.4 GHz due to zeroth-order resonance (ZOR), which can be used for satellite communication. Dispersion analysis is done to verify metamaterial (MTM) behavior at ZOR frequency using Bloch-Floquet theory. The second and third resonance are due to coupling capacitances, created in antenna structure, which are merged to make a broadband antenna in millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) range from 28 GHz to 39.2 GHz, for 5G cellular communication by increasing the diagonal length of IR. The CP is attained by converting symmetric meander lines (MLs) to asymmetric MLs to excite the orthogonal field components of equal amplitude. The simulated results are compared to measured results and found to be in a good match. The measured impedance bandwidth (IBW) for the Ku-band is 7.31% (14.5–15.6) GHz with linear polarization (LP) characteristics while 31% (28–38.2) GHz in mm-Wave (Ka-band) range. The measured axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is 5.2 GHz (13.9%, 33.6 GHz-38.8 GHz) in mm-Wave range. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 6.7 dBi and maximum efficiency is 93%. The overall dimension of the presented antenna is 0.5λ0 × 0.5λ0 × 0.025λ0 at 14.9 GHz.
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