Abstract
In this paper, a long-range dual-band rectenna for harvesting ambient radio frequency (RF) energy from GSM/900 and GSM/1800 is presented. Theoretical analysis of the proposed dual-band impedance matching network (IMN) is conducted using a modified <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> –section matching network (MN). The RF-rectifier is integrated with a dual-band inverted-F monopole antenna. The rectenna circuit complexity is minimized by introducing a dual-band IMN, which plays a significant role in improving the harvester RF-to-dc power conversion efficiency (PCE). Measurement results of the proposed design achieved a peak RF-to-dc PCE of 12.93% and 8.0% for an input power of −30 dBm at 0.9 GHz, and 1.8 GHz, respectively. The RF harvester ambiance measurement attained an output dc voltage of 0.374 V. The circuit generates 0.747 V using a low-powered bq25504-674 evaluation module (EVM). Thus, adequate energy management of the proposed rectenna can be used to power many low-powered devices from the harvested ambient RF energy.
Highlights
R ECENT advances in technology have made selfsustainable systems possible through radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (RFEH). [1]– [2]
Results of the transmissions TL1 to TL3 transform the impedance of Zin to Zo through a series of transmission lines (TL4 and TL5) and an open-circuited stub TL6 at f1 and f2
The measurements of the proposed circuit parameters are achieved through the use of a vector network analyzer (VNA) E5062A from Agilent Technologies, a 12 GHz APSIN12G signal generator from AnaP ico Switzerland, and a 4000 count digital multimeter (DMM) from Sanwa
Summary
R ECENT advances in technology have made selfsustainable systems possible through RFEH. [1]– [2]. Three rectifiers are combined in [17] to form a multi-port pixel rectenna at 1800 MHz. In [18], the authors presented a dual-band rectenna operating at GSM/1800 and UMTS/2100 through a broadband antenna and a cascaded T-section MN. The authors in [19] reported a dual-band rectifier at 915 MHz and Wi-Fi/2.45 GHz operating frequency. In [23], the authors describe a quad-band (0.95 GHz, 1.83 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.62 GHz) rectifier design using a 4-stage voltage doubler suitable for high-power RFEH. This work proposed a dual-band (900 MHz and 1800 MHz) compact rectenna with improved RF-to-dc PCE for ambient RF energy harvesting. RFEH single-diode rectifiers often deliver fewer losses at low power levels, as relative to full-wave and multi-stage counterparts that introduce additional parasitic at their junction terminal.
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