Abstract
Wound healing and tissue regeneration is an intricate biological process that involves repair of cellular damage and maintenance of tissue integrity. Cascades involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration highly overlap with cancer causing pathways. Usually, subsequent tissue damage events include release of a number of cytokines to accomplish post-trauma restoration. IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, accumulating evidence suggests pivotal role of IL-22 in instigation of various cancers due to its pro-inflammatory and tissue repairing activity. In this review, we summarize how healing effects of IL-22, when executed in an uncontrollable fashion can lead to carcinogenesis.
Highlights
IL-22 is a key signaling molecule that plays a significant role in number of essential physiological processes ranging from innate immune responses to tissue regeneration
IL-22 is implicated in a large variety of functions in the body, given its involvement in signaling pathways
Many studies reveal that in pancreatic inflammation, IL-22 elicits a protective role [161, 162]. This is achieved through up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes including RegIII, ensuring the survival of cells and stimulating tissue repair
Summary
IL-22 is a key signaling molecule that plays a significant role in number of essential physiological processes ranging from innate immune responses to tissue regeneration. Up-regulation and down-regulation of IL-22 generate several consequences that define its biological and pathological activities [1, 2]. Owing to pivotal role of IL-22 in normal biological functions, any impairment in its activity can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases, disturbed wound healing, infections, and cancers [3, 4]. This dual role highlights the therapeutic prospective of modulating the cytokine network to achieve tumor prevention and treatment
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