Abstract
A platinum–silver graphene (Pt–Ag/Gr) nanocomposite modified electrode was fabricated for the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). Electrochemical studies of the Pt–Ag/Gr nanocomposite towards DA detection were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The CV analysis showed that Pt–Ag/Gr/GCE had enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards DA oxidation due to the synergistic effects between the platinum–silver nanoparticles and graphene. The DPV results showed that the modified sensor demonstrated a linear concentration range between 0.1 and 60 μM with a limit of detection of 0.012 μM. The Pt–Ag/Gr/GCE presented satisfactory results for reproducibility, stability and selectivity. The prepared sensor also showed acceptable recoveries for a real sample study.
Highlights
Dopamine (DA), a neurochemical transmitter in the brain was discovered by Arvid Carlsson in 1957.1 Dopamine (DA) affects the cardiovascular, central nervous, endocrine and renal systems.[2]
Dopamine hydrochloride (DA) injection was supplied by University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
The diffraction peaks of Pt–Ag/Gr are present at 2q values of 39.52, 45.32, 66.28, 81.01 and 85.70 (Fig. 1c) and are situated between the values of pure Ag (Ref. code: 00-065-2871) and Pt (Ref. code: 01001-1194), which con rms the formation of bimetallic Pt–Ag.[25]
Summary
Dopamine (DA), a neurochemical transmitter in the brain was discovered by Arvid Carlsson in 1957.1 Dopamine (DA) affects the cardiovascular, central nervous, endocrine and renal systems.[2]. The construction of a facile, selective and sensitive method for DA detection is necessary for monitoring DA levels in the human body. Several methods have been employed for the determination of DA such as chemiluminescence, chromatography, colorimetric, uorescence and spectrophotometry.[6,7,8] these conventional methods involve tedious sample pre-treatments, expensive and are time consuming.[9,10] In recent years, electrochemical methods of detection have gathered enormous interest due to the simplicity, low cost, fast response time, low detection limit, high sensitivity and selectivity.[11,12]. The electrochemical performance of the Pt–Ag/Gr/GCE towards the detection of DA was analysed using voltammetric techniques. From these results, the bimetallic Pt–Ag/Gr. nanocomposite showed enhancement in the electrocatalytic activity towards DA detection compared to single metallic Pt/Gr and Ag/Gr nanocomposites
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