Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis, an important disease worldwide. Although conventional BoHV-1 vaccines, including those based on the use of modified live virus and also inactivated vaccines, are currently used in many countries, they have several disadvantages. DNA vaccines have emerged as an attractive approach since they have the potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune response; nevertheless, it is largely known that potency of naked DNA vaccines is limited. We demonstrated previously, in the murine model, that the use of adjuvants in combination with a DNA vaccine against BoHV-1 is immunologically beneficial. In this study, we evaluate the immune response and protection against challenge elicited in bovines, by a DNA vaccine carrying the sequence of secreted version of glycoprotein D (gD) of BoHV-1 formulated with chemical adjuvants. Bovines were vaccinated with formulations containing the sequence of gD alone or in combination with adjuvants ESSAI 903110 or Montanide™ 1113101PR. After prime vaccination and two boosters, animals were challenged with infectious BoHV-1. Formulations containing adjuvants Montanide™ 1113101PR and ESSAI 903110 were both, capable of increasing humoral immune response against the virus and diminishing clinical symptoms. Nevertheless, only formulations containing adjuvant Montanide™ 1113101PR was capable of improving cellular immune response and diminishing viral excretion. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a BoHV-1 DNA vaccine is combined with adjuvants and tested in cattle. These results could be useful to design a vaccine for the control of bovine rhinotracheitis.
Highlights
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is the etiological agent of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a cattle disease with important economic consequences worldwide
We evaluate the immune response and protection against challenge, induced in bovines by a DNA vaccine containing the truncated, secreted version of BoHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) [36], in combination with experimental adjuvants Montanide 903110 and Montanide 1113101PR, a more concentrated version of the first one, to extend our previous studies in the murine model and to assess the protection capacity of the vaccines formulated with these adjuvants in the natural host
Sera of cattle vaccinated with pCIgD, pCIgD-101, or pCIgD-110 were able to recognize the gD in the context of whole virus as detected by BoHV-1 ELISA (Figure 1B) and immunofluorescence assay (Figure 1C), no significant differences were seen between vaccinated groups
Summary
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is the etiological agent of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a cattle disease with important economic consequences worldwide. This virus causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations including conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract infection, reproductive tract lesions such as pustular vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis, infertility, abortion in pregnant cows, and systemic infection in the newborn. The BoHV-1 virus infections in cattle and buffaloes are Partial Protection in Cattle against BoHV-1 mostly mild and non-life threatening, mortality may reach 10% [1]. The infection causes severe economic losses since it immunosuppress infected cattle predisposing animals to secondary bacterial infections, as bronchitis and pneumonitis, leading to high morbidity and mortality [2, 3]. Since BoHV-1 is included in list B of OIE notifiable diseases [1], it imposes restrictions to the international livestock trade
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