Abstract
A mini-barcoding system was developed to help identify endangered unionid mussels in the Lake Biwa system in Japan. A single primer set was designed to amplify a ca. 140-bp barcode fragment based on the published mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences (ca. 350 bp) of Japanese unionids. The new primers successfully amplified genomic DNA from the foot tissues of 81 specimens of 12 target taxa from the Lake Biwa region. Sequencing, BLAST-searches and phylogenetic analyses of the amplified fragments confirmed that the mini-barcode had the same identification ability as the original sequences for Lake Biwa taxa. The mini-barcoding system also obtained the short barcodes from excreted materials, indicating its usefulness in nondestructive identification of these mussels.
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