Abstract
BackgroundGrapevine leafroll-associated viruses are a problem for grape production globally. Symptoms are caused by a number of distinct viral species. During a survey of Napa Valley vineyards (California, USA), we found evidence of a new variant of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). We isolated its genome from a symptomatic greenhouse-raised plant and fully sequenced it.FindingsIn a maximum likelihood analysis of representative GLRaV-3 gene sequences, the isolate grouped most closely with a recently sequenced variant from South Africa and a partial sequence from New Zealand. These highly divergent GLRaV-3 variants have predicted proteins that are more than 10% divergent from other GLRaV-3 variants, and appear to be missing an open reading frame for the p6 protein.ConclusionsThis divergent GLRaV-3 phylogroup is already present in grape-growing regions worldwide and is capable of causing symptoms of leafroll disease without the p6 protein.
Highlights
Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses are a problem for grape production globally
This divergent Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) phylogroup is already present in grape-growing regions worldwide and is capable of causing symptoms of leafroll disease without the p6 protein
The mealybug-transmitted viruses are in the genus Ampelovirus, and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2, which has no known vector, is in the genus Closterovirus [6]
Summary
Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses are a problem for grape production globally. Symptoms are caused by a number of distinct viral species. Conclusions: This divergent GLRaV-3 phylogroup is already present in grape-growing regions worldwide and is capable of causing symptoms of leafroll disease without the p6 protein. * Correspondence: duffy@aesop.rutgers.edu 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article that the number of tentative GLRaV species will be reduced to five [8].
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