Abstract
Ship detection with polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, modeling the distribution of clutter is a complicated task. This article introduces a distribution independent ship detector for PolSAR images. First, in order to improve the detection performance, the multichannel PolSAR data are projected onto a 1-D space utilizing an adaptive linear filter. The design of linear filter is modeled as a nonconvex optimization problem with the principle of maximization target-to-clutter ratio, which is solved by an iteration optimization algorithm. Then, the convergence and computational complexities of the proposed algorithm are theoretically analyzed. After that, a distribution independent detector with a bounded constant false alarm rate property is proposed to distinguish ships from sea clutter. The detection threshold is calculated based on the Markov inequality without modeling the statistical distribution of clutter. Experiments are carried out on real Radarsat-2 and AirSAR data to test the proposed detector. The results demonstrate that the proposed detector, which takes the distribution independent and unsupervised properties as the main advantages, also achieves comparable detection performance with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, additional experiments verify the robustness of the proposed detector to the initialization of the algorithm, even though the optimization problem is nonconvex. Finally, the effects on detection results caused by polarization characteristics are investigated to give a further explanation about linear polarization enhancement.
Highlights
D URING the past decades, polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) has played a significant role in many applications, such as marine surveillance and terrain classification
For Patch D, the detection results are acceptable given that 17 out of 18 ships are detected without any false alarms. These results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is suitable for ship detection in different cases
At the end of this section, it is worth pointing out that compared with the conventional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, a relatively high Pfa is recommended for our detector, especially for the images with low to-clutter ratio (TCR), since Pfa used in our detector is the upper bound of the false alarm rate
Summary
Zhou Xu , Chongyi Fan , Shuiying Cheng, Jian Wang, and Xiaotao Huang, Senior Member, IEEE. This article introduces a distribution independent ship detector for PolSAR images. In order to improve the detection performance, the multichannel PolSAR data are projected onto a 1-D space utilizing an adaptive linear filter. The design of linear filter is modeled as a nonconvex optimization problem with the principle of maximization target-to-clutter ratio, which is solved by an iteration optimization algorithm. A distribution independent detector with a bounded constant false alarm rate property is proposed to distinguish ships from sea clutter. The results demonstrate that the proposed detector, which takes the distribution independent and unsupervised properties as the main advantages, achieves comparable detection performance with state-of-the-art methods. Additional experiments verify the robustness of the proposed detector to the initialization of the algorithm, even though the optimization problem is nonconvex.
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