Abstract
A physically based and distributed model has been developed for predicting the Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere (WetSpa) at the regional or basin scale. The model conceptualizes a basin hydrological system being composed of atmosphere, canopy, root zone, transmission zone and saturation zone layers. The basin is divided into a number of grid cells, for which the water and energy balance are maintained. Water movement in the soil is simplified as one-dimensional vertical flow, including surface infiltration, percolation and capillary rise in the unsaturated zone and recharge to groundwater. The model simulates the Hortonian overland flow and the variable-source-area concepts of runoff generation. In order to have a more realistic representation of the interaction between surface runoff and groundwater, a groundwater flow model is integrated.
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