Abstract
Motivated by the single point of failure and other drawbacks of the conventional centralized hierarchical control strategy, in this paper, a fully distributed hierarchical control framework is formulated for autonomous AC microgrids. The proposed control strategy operates with a distinct three-layer structure, where: a conventional droop control is adopted at the primary layer; a distributed leaderless consensus-based control is adopted at the secondary layer for active power and, hence, frequency regulation of distributed generating units (DGUs); and the tertiary layer is also based on the distributed leaderless consensus-based control for the optimal power dispatch. Under the proposed strategy, the three constituent control layers work in a coordinated manner. Not only is the load dispatched economically with a negligible power mismatch, but also the frequencies of all the DGUs are regulated to the reference value. However, the frequency regulation is achieved without requiring any central leader agent that has been reported in the contemporary distributed control articles. As compared to the conventional centralized hierarchical control, the proposed strategy only needs local inter-agent interaction with a sparse communication network; thus, it is fully distributed. The formulated strategy is tested under load perturbations, on an autonomous AC microgrid testbed comprising both low-inertia-type (inverter-interfaced) and high-inertia (rotating)-type DGUs with heterogeneous dynamics, and found to successfully meet its targets. Furthermore, it can offer the plug-and-play operation for the DGUs. Theoretical analysis and substantial simulation results, performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, are provided to validate the feasibility of the proposed control framework.
Highlights
For the past few decades, there has been a growing pressure on the electric power industry regarding the restructuring of the conventional power system due to environmental, economic, and technological concerns
The overall results are grouped into two different case studies, as follows: Case·1: Performance assessment of the proposed hierarchical control framework for distributed economic load dispatch
In case 1, the primary control is based on the conventional droop control, and the secondary and tertiary controls are based on the distributed control
Summary
Framework for Economic Dispatch and Frequency Regulation of Autonomous AC Microgrids. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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