Abstract

Rice is a widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population. Approximately 90% of the world's rice is grown in Asian continent and constitutes a staple food for 2.7 billion people worldwide. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the devastating diseases of rice. A field experiment was conducted during the year 2016 and 2017 to investigate the influence of different meteorological parameters on BLB development as well as the computation of a predictive model to forecast the disease well ahead of its appearance in the field. The seasonal dataset of disease incidence and environmental factors was used to assess five rice varieties/ cultivars (Basmati-2000, KSK-434, KSK-133, Super Basmati, and IRRI-9). The accumulated effect of two year environmental data; maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and rainfall, was studied and correlated with disease incidence. Average temperature (maximum & minimum) showed a negative significant correlation with BLB disease and all other variables; relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed had a positive correlation with BLB disease development on individual varieties. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to indicate potentially useful predictor variables and to rule out incompetent parameters. Environmental data from the growing seasons of July to October 2016 and 2017 revealed that, with the exception of the lowest temperature, all environmental factors contributed to disease development throughout the cropping season. A disease prediction multiple regression model was developed based on two-year data (Y = 214.3-3.691 Max T-0.508 Min T + 0.767 RH + 2.521 RF + 5.740 WS), which explained 95% variability. This disease prediction model will not only help farmers in early detection and timely management of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice but may also help reduce input costs and improve product quality and quantity. The model will be both farmer and environmentally friendly.

Highlights

  • Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) is a member of the family Poaceae and is one of the major food crops of the world, especially in most Asian countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Vietnam, and Korea

  • The region has a comparative advantage in producing cotton over rice and other crops rice is cultivated on an area of 379000 acres in this region

  • Temperature ranges from 18 to 26 oC showed a significant negative correlation with Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) development while with the relative humidity of 76 to 81% coupled with rainfall (16mm) and wind speed (3-10 km/h) for disease development and showed a significant positive correlation with BLB development (Figures 4-8)

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Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) is a member of the family Poaceae and is one of the major food crops of the world, especially in most Asian countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Vietnam, and Korea. Rice is ranked second in cereal cultivation around the globe and occupies an important position in the economy of Pakistan as an export item as well as a staple food (Zahid et al, 2005). It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America, and 8 countries in Africa. Rice is the main crop after wheat in Pakistan, grown on an area of 2.8 million hectares with a production of 7.5 million tonnes (Shabbir et al, 2020)

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