Abstract
Suitable simple flat shell elements and appropriate beam elements are presented for the elastoplastic analysis of thin stiffened shells. The basic theory includes the effects of transverse shear strain and the variational principle of Hu-Washizu serves as a starting point for the discretization. Appropriate transformations and properly chosen shear constraints yield simple plate elements with six degrees of freedom which can be combined to four-triangle macroelements. C 0 beam elements are also presented which are compatible with these macroelements. Some special considerations are given to plasticity and test examples demonstrate characteristic properties of the proposed formulation. The elements are free of serious locking phenomena and incorporate many attributes necessary for practical applications.
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