Abstract
During a massive flood or earthquake, the roads are mainly damaged due to the looseness of the subgrades. In recent times for any new constructions of roads and embankments the subgrades mainly constructed with the sand filling. It is difficult to achieve the desired degree of compaction beyond a certain limit. That’s why the bases (subgrades) become loose. This study aims to overcome the situation by increasing compaction and shear strength properties of sand filling. In this paper, an intensive laboratory investigation of fines with sands is investigated by a series of the proctor test and direct shear test. In this study, fines were mixed with the sand samples in a proportion of 10%, 20%, 30%, 45% and 55% to examine the effect on maximum dry density. Tests indicated that 45 to 55% fines with sands having different Fineness Modulus (FM), the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of the sand can be increased up to 18 to 26% depending on FM. The results revealed that the density and shear strength (cohesion) of sand both increase significantly with the addition of fines with it up to a certain percentage. This increment in MDD and shear strength makes the bases (subgrades) stronger and stable. This result can be used in disaster resilient road or embankment construction and also for the structures having a shallow foundation.
Highlights
Bangladesh has frequently been affected by the storm surge and flood that directly disturb the soil strength in subgrade and basecourse of roads and highways
The maximum dry density (MDD) of sand with fines increases with the increment of fines
The angle of friction continues to decrease with the increase of fine content but cohesion increase
Summary
Bangladesh has frequently been affected by the storm surge and flood that directly disturb the soil strength in subgrade and basecourse of roads and highways. Saturation of subgrade soil brings its weakest condition being damaged by moving vehicles. The widespread availability and relative economy of earth material make it attractive for use in foundations, embankments, and backfill. It has long been recognized, first empirically and scientifically, that compaction improves the physical and mechanical properties of soils in some cases tremendously. Compaction, the expulsion of air volume, generally increases the density of soils shear strength, decreases its compressibility, and permeability. Compacted soil has limited permeability to be saturated from flood and storm water
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