A diffusive one-prey and two-competing-predator system with a ratio-dependent functional response: II stationary pattern formation

Abstract

This paper is a continuation of Ko and Ahn (2013) [1], which investigates the stability at all non-negative equilibria and long time behavior of solutions for a ratio-dependent reaction–diffusion system incorporating one prey and two competing predator species under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. We examine the nonexistence and the appearance of stationary patterns in the time-independent system. In achieving these, we deal with the system only when the competition state between two competing predators is weak/strong. In particular, the results explain the phenomenon of a stationary pattern being induced by the introduction of a new predator species in the one-prey and one-predator system with no stationary pattern.