Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Some studies on LLZO synthesis have been conducted without considering the crystal structure of ZrO2 as the main precursor. In this research, different-precursors have been used for LLZO synthesis which was a monoclinic ZrO2 powder (m-ZrO2) and tetragonal ZrO2 powder (t-ZrO2). The reaction was conducted at 950 °C 6 h and followed by sintering at 1000 °C 6 h under Argon gas flow. The result shows that LLZO made from m-ZrO2 (LLZO(A)) and t-ZrO2 (LLZO(B)) contains t-LLZO and c-LLZO which is surprisingly having a similar c/t ratio of 0.124–0.125. The LLZO(A) and LLZO(B) provide a silver blocking ionic conductivity of 1.245 x 10−6 Scm−1 and 1.647 x 10−6 Scm−1, respectively. In addition, LLZO(B) provides lower specific resistance than LLZO(A) in between LiCoO2 and meso-carbon microbeads (mcmb) electrodes. CV analysis of the symmetrical Li-LLZO(B)–Li cell shows an electrochemical potential of 3.3 V (vs Li/Li+) oxidation and 3.4 V reduction (vs Li/Li+). A time-based Galvanostatic charge–discharge to Li-LLZO(B)–Li shows a capacity drop after the 1st 40 cycles from 0.0383C/cm2 into 0.0303C/cm2 during the 2nd 40 cycles, and it remains stable up to 120 cycles. It confirms the long-term electrochemical stability of LLZO(B) which was produced from t-ZrO2. The solid-state reaction method provides less expensive production and environmentally friendly by the absence of organic solvent.
Highlights
In a Lithium-Ion Battery (LIBs), the electrolyte has a significant role to determines the stability, energy density, cycle life, and energy capacity of the battery
Zirconia powder used in this research has a different optical view as shown by the picture inserted in Fig. 1, along with their diffraction patterns
The diffraction patterns are compared with the standard diffraction of monoclinic zirconia ICSD#157403 and tetragonal ZrO2 ICSD#157621
Summary
In a Lithium-Ion Battery (LIBs), the electrolyte has a significant role to determines the stability, energy density, cycle life, and energy capacity of the battery. LIB with solid electrolyte or it is known as an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery (ASS LIB) has high thermal stability and low risk of explosion [4]. The solid electrolyte must have high Liþ conductivity at least 1 Â 10À4 ScmÀ1 with a low activation energy of Liþ diffusion, be reliable for mass-production with a simple method, and have inexpensive precursors for its synthesis [5]. The Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is known as the best electrolyte for ASS-LIB due to its high ionic conductivity at room temperature, good stability in the air [6], and simple way to prepare [7]. The solegel method produced a high purity LLZO with homogenous - small particles, the ionic conductivity of the after sintered material is only 10À7 ScmÀ1 with the sintering temperature of 800 C [9]. The organic solvent e liquid waste can harm the environment especially when mass production is applied
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