A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF AN INDIVIDUAL

Abstract

The article highlights the need for developing new standardized psychodiagnostic tools for studying the psychological well-being of a personality, which would be safe for clients and convenient for use by practicing psychologists during individual and group diagnosis. It is especially relevant nowadays, when various population groups are intensively affected by adverse social, economic, political, and biological factors, causing prolonged stress and various manifestations of psychological distress. Diagnosing children, youth, and adults using standardized, reliable methods will enable practicing psychologists to identify manifestations of psychological distress that, in their situation, are the basis for further psycho-prophylactic and psycho-correction work. Works of N. Bradburn, M.Y. Varii, A.V. Voronina, K. Riff, P.P. Fesenko on understanding the concept of "psychological well-being" were analyzed. In general, the use of the term "psychological well-being of a personality" means the inner, subjective attitude of a man to his life and the general level of his assessment. The notion of psychological well-being is differentiated from other related psychological categories: "mental health", "quality of life" as well as from similar notions such as "happiness", "feeling of satisfaction with one's own life". It is determined that the components of psychological well-being include, in particular, the following components: a positive attitude to yourself and your life, the presence of meaningful goals, competence, a sense of continuous development and self-realization, positive relationships with others, autonomy. The purpose of the article is to analyze and present the results of standardization and validation of the author's psychodiagnostic methodology to determine the psychological well-being of an individual (S.M. Zabarovska). The author presents a diagnostic technique for determining psychological well-being of an individual, based on self-esteem. The full text of the technique is given below. The diagnostic scales of the technique are "Life satisfaction", "Positive emotions", "Attitude to yourself", "Attitude to others", "Representation of the future", "Availability of social support", "Life goals", "Ability to self-regulation ". The summation of data on scales gives an integrated indicator - the level of psychological well-being of a personality. Levels on scales and integrated indicators are low, average, and high. The interpretation of these 8 scales in their high values is given. The results of validation of the methodology were presented on a sample of students of vocational education institution. In particular, the test of criterion validity showed significantly positive correlation coefficients between the integrated indicator of psychological well-being and overall scores according to the methods of "Scale of psychological well-being" by K. Riff, "Scale of satisfaction with the life by E. Diner"; significantly negative correlation coefficient with indicators on the Beck Depression Scale. Verification of the reliability of parts of the methodology was carried out by the method of splitting - division into equal parts. The correlation coefficient between the results of the study tasks of the two parts of the questionnaire figured out statistically significant, which indicates the high reliability of parts of the methodology and characterizes the degree of homogeneity of its tasks. The internal consistency of the scales of the methodology was calculated using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, which showed a high rate of internal consistency. It is concluded that the results of approbation and validation of the author's methodology allow its use in empirical studies of psychological well-being of an individual and in the study of other related problems of psychological science and practice.