Abstract
<h2>Summary</h2> Thermoelectric devices having both high conversion efficiency and high power density ("double-high") are in high demand for power-generation applications. Conventional research approaches on thermoelectric devices primarily focus on the realization of high conversion efficiency, while the power density is often overlooked. We propose a device-to-material design strategy for "double-high" thermoelectric modules, which integrates multiple criteria including matching thermal conductivities in p- and n-type thermoelectric materials, optimizing topologic structures of modules, and minimizing interfacial resistance. According to the thermal-conductivity matching criterion, the n-type Zr<sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>0.5</sub>NiSn<sub>0.97</sub>Sb<sub>0.03</sub> half-Heusler alloy, which possesses an excellent power factor but slightly lower <i>zT</i>, is adopted as the partner of the p-type Nb<sub>0.86</sub>Hf<sub>0.14</sub>FeSb alloy for realizing a double-high thermoelectric module. The newly developed 8-pair module achieves a maximum conversion efficiency of 10.5% and power density of 3.1 Wcm<sup>−2</sup> at a temperature difference of 680 K, simultaneously breaking both records in a single-stage module.
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