Abstract
A new experimental device for the measurement of the hzorizontal to vertical stress ratio was developed. The tester is designed to conduct the required measurements using a single standard load cell without the need to apply strain gauges on custom built parts. Three different procedures were tested with free-flowing incompressible powders to determine the most precise procedure. This optimal procedure included the preliminary twisting of the cell lid to pre-shear the sample and was modified to conduct experiments with cohesive compressible powders. The results obtained from the best procedure were compared with those from commonly used estimating equations for the horizontal to vertical stress ratio as a function of the angle of internal friction. The obtained results were consistent with the Koenen equation (Koenen in Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung 16:446–449, 1896) for free-flowing materials and with the DIN 1055 equation (DIN 1055 Teil 6, Lastannahmen fur Bauten, Lasten in Silozellen, 1987) for cohesive materials.
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