A detailed review of the outbreak of COVID-19.

Kabita Das ,Pritish Kumar Varadwaj ,M Shivapriya Pingali ,Sintu Kumar Samanta ,Samar Gourav Pati ,Biswaranjan Paital ,Falguni Panda ,Anirudh Singh

doi:10.52586/4931

Abstract

The disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the third highly infectious human Coronavirus epidemic in the 21s⁢t century due to its high transmission rate and quick evolution of its pathogenicity. Genomic studies indicate that it is zoonotic from bats. The COVID-19 has led to significant loss of lives and a tremendous economic decline in the world. Generally, the population at risk of a fatal outcome are the elderly and those who are debilitated or are immune compromised. The fatality rate is high, but now is reduced after the development of preventive vaccine although an effective treatment by drug against the virus is yet to be developed. The treatment is narrowed to the use of several anti-viral drugs, or other re-purposed drugs. Social distancing, therefore, has emerged as a putative method to decrease the rate of infection. In this review, we summarize the aspects of the disease that is so far have come to light and review the impact of the infection on our society, healthcare, economy, education, and environment.

Highlights

After the outbreak from Wuhan City of China, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 has created a major hardship to public health globally since December 2019
Rolling data by WHO as on 2nd February 2021 indicate that the current pandemic COVID-19 caused by the deadly Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 110,609,979 individuals out of which 2,452,510 have died
In a recent study conducted by NIH including 1062 patients, gave a positive result that lead to the emergency use authorization (EUA) for the drug by the FDA

Summary

Introduction

After the outbreak from Wuhan City of China, SARS-CoV-2 has created a major hardship to public health globally since December 2019. The waste water from the COVID-19 hospitals and home of self-quarantine patients are predicted by the mediator for the spreading of this virus [8]. Their presence in the faecal matter indicates that these viruses survive and undergo replication in the human digestive tract that creates a high risk for faecal-oral transmission [9]. Nearly 10 vaccines have received approval for safe and effective use while a large number of vaccines are under preclinical and clinical trials This outbreak has badly affected the social, industrial, medical, and transport sectors [13]. Government and policymakers should be proactive and work together to improve the growth and reduce the economic inequalities

Genetic structure and assembly of SARS-CoV-2

Spreading of COVID-19

Carrier by aerosols

Water droplets from patients

Waste materials from COVID-19 patients

Aggravation of COVID-19 by environmental condition and gases

Environmental factors

Environmental gases

Therapeutics

Hydroxychloroquine

Favipiravir

Remdesivir