A Design Study of Orthotic Shoe Based on Pain Pressure Measurement Using Algometer for Calcaneal Spur Patients

Dwi Basuki Wibowo,Rudiansyah Harahap,Pg Emeroylariffion Abas,Adam Glowacz,Wahyu Caesarendra,Ryszard Tadeusiewicz,Agus Suprihanto,Eliasz Kańtoch

doi:10.3390/technologies9030062

Dwi Basuki Wibowo, Rudiansyah Harahap + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies9030062

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Abstract

The pressure pain threshold (PPT) is a useful tool for evaluating mechanical sensitivity in individuals suffering from various musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate PPT at the heel area in order to assist in the design of orthotic shoes for sufferers of heel pain due to a calcaneal spur. The size and location of the calcaneal spur was determined by x-ray images, with PPT data measured around the spur at five points by using algometer FDIX 25. The pain test experiment was conducted by pressing each point to obtain the pain minimum compressive pressure (PMCP) and its location. The information of shoe size, spur location and dimensions, and the PMCP location for each individual is used to obtain the exact point location for applying a softer material to the shoe in-sole, in order to reduce heel pain. The results are significant as it can be used by designers to design appropriate shoe in-soles for individuals suffering from heel pain.

Highlights

A calcaneal/heel spur is a small bone that grows on the inferior side of the heel bone and can be seen with an x-ray examination [1]
As a cause of plantar fasciitis (PF), are currently debatable [2], it has a strong correlation with PF [3,4]
The most common treatments for individuals with heel spur syndrome are the intake of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroid injections, these treatments should not be administered continuously for a long duration time due to their side effects on the kidney, and liver, and they may lead to high blood pressure, and stroke [7]

Summary

Introduction

A calcaneal/heel spur is a small bone that grows on the inferior side of the heel bone and can be seen with an x-ray examination [1]. The most common treatments for individuals with heel spur syndrome are the intake of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroid injections, these treatments should not be administered continuously for a long duration time due to their side effects on the kidney, and liver, and they may lead to high blood pressure, and stroke [7]. Another treatment that has relatively little effect to the human body is to reduce pressure on the heel through the use of orthotic shoes [8,9]

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