Abstract

The basic TEM horn antenna consists of two identical triangular plates meeting at an apex of each. The angular width of each plate is /spl alpha/, and the angular separation between the plates is /spl beta/. The length of each plate (as measured along the side) is s. A key parameter is the characteristic impedance, Z/sub c/, of the spherical TEM wave on the infinitely long antenna (s/spl rarr//spl infin/), which depends only on the angles /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/. Z/sub c/ can be obtained by conformal mapping. For a particular choice of Z/sub c/, a set of possible angles can be found. We focus on the values most often used in practical designs: Z/sub c/ = 50 /spl Omega/ and Z/sub c/ = 100 /spl Omega/. Apart from the characteristic impedance, there is comparatively little other design information available. We examine the realized gain, G/sub r/, for TEM horn antennas. Specifically, we vary /spl beta/ (while adjusting /spl alpha/ to maintain a constant Z/sub c/) and the antenna electrical length, s//spl lambda/. Using this information, we produce design curves for the optimal antenna (highest G/sub r/) for a given s//spl lambda/. The results for Z/sub c/ = 100 /spl Omega/ are presented.

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