Abstract
Solar Home System (SHS) is a stand-alone power solution in an isolated area where the national power grid connection is not accessible. Presently using the off-grid solar home system has one solar panel, one lead-acid batter, one PWM Solar charge controller, and 12V DC power operated lamp solutions, fan, television, radio. Various solar home system packages have been introduced so far, which have offered different product features with price variations. Solar home system size is small, so producing energy is insufficient to fulfill the customer's demand. This research paper presented a novel feature analog PWM solar charging techniques through the algorithm of the fixed frequency current mode controller, which also satisfy the requirements of existing off-grid solar home system users to reduce self-power consumption thus purchasing at an affordable cost. This design set up four periods voltage threshold points as a safeguard for the battery to consider battery voltage level, cable length resistance, battery internal resistance, and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) effects. PWM solar charging improves the charging strategy by protecting against surge voltage and lightning. The study is divided into three sections: solar charging, regulating signals, and voltage comparator. Accordingly, high-sophisticated fixed-frequency current mode controllers are a noise-free switching gate drive signal with simulation data. The design feature also ignores the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) noise impact on digital IC's input signals.
Highlights
The Charge Controller is a crucial instrument for the off-grid solar system and extending the life of the lead-acid battery
Advancement solar charge controlling device is obtainable with the use of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) solar charge controller, which is micro-controller-based
There has modernized the 12V DC powered load with limited distance connected load cables such as mobile charger, solar lanterns (Portable LED Lamp), LED lamp, CFL lamp, etc. It has not maintained the necessary features of solar chargers that are self-power consumption, surge voltage protection, and lightning protection
Summary
The Charge Controller is a crucial instrument for the off-grid solar system and extending the life of the lead-acid battery. Solar charger, such as PWM solar charging device and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) solar charge controllers, are widely used for autonomous solar systems. The level of charge and discharge settings depend on the battery's power and scale: All are optimized for the extended battery life of the device. These devices have many features, such as LVD (low disconnection voltage level), HVD (disconnection high voltage level), LVR (reconnection low voltage load), HVR (reconnection low voltage load), etc. The cost of the solar charging controller depends on the charging devices' performance and efficiency
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